Publications and academic activities

Surgical procedures performed by Dr. Jung Su Lee, Medical Director, and related publications and conference presentations.

Written and medically reviewed by Dr. Jung Su Lee, Medical Director (specialist in plastic surgery in Korea, PhD) · Last reviewed 2026-9-21

Revision rhinoplasty

Revision rhinoplasty · Secondary rhinoplasty

Definition: Surgery that rebuilds nasal structure to address appearance and functional problems after previous rhinoplasty, once the causes of failure have been identified.
Related terms: Secondary nasal tip plasty, reconstruction of a contracted nose, nasal implant removal
Operating surgeon: Dr. Jung Su Lee, Medical Director, UVOM Plastic Surgery
Assessment criteria: Remaining tissue and blood supply. Cosmetic revision is generally assessed around 1 year after the initial operation.
Further information: Revision rhinoplasty page

2022

Long-Term Outcomes of Secondary Nasal Tip Plasty After Degradation of a Polycaprolactone (PCL) Mesh

Lee SH, Cho J, Lee JS. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2022;46(5):2358-2365 · PMID 35437665 · DOI 10.1007/s00266-022-02839-1 · Dr. Jung Su Lee, coauthor

Research question: PCL mesh used for nasal tip support is absorbed after 2~3 years. How does the tip change after mesh degradation, and what are the long-term results of secondary nasal tip surgery?
Patients and methods: Of 86 patients undergoing secondary nasal tip surgery with PCL mesh, 56 were followed for at least 24 months.
Results: The Goode ratio, a measure of nasal tip projection, decreased by an average of 5 percent at long-term versus short-term follow-up. There was also 1 infection and 1 instance of mesh extrusion.
Significance: This provides evidence to inform material selection in revision surgery. It underlies the principle of using absorbable materials as an adjunct to reinforce autologous cartilage support, rather than alone.
Journal commentary: An editor-commissioned Invited Discussion (PMID 35997802) was published in the same issue.
Limitations: Dr. Jung Su Lee is a coauthor. This report concerns patients in whom PCL mesh was used in prior surgery; it does not represent all revision rhinoplasty experience, including contracted-nose reconstruction, functional nasal obstruction, and rib-cartilage reconstruction.

2012

Corrective rhinoplasty

Jung Su Lee. 30th Korean Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery and 10th Korean Association of Plastic Surgeons International Congress · Presentation

Content: A conference presentation on rhinoplasty to correct problems from previous surgery.
Related materials: The UVOM Plastic Surgery website includes 6 categories of correction by cause of failure, preoperative and 3-month postoperative records for 14 problem types, and a case involving a 12th operation after 11 operations at other clinics.

Article: When should revision rhinoplasty be performed? · Video: Why does a drooping nasal tip droop again? · Video: Nasal implant removal surgery

Endoscopic forehead lift

Endoscopic forehead lift · Endoscopic brow lift

Definition: An endoscope is inserted through 2–4 incisions, each 1.5–2.0 cm long, in the scalp above the hairline. Muscles that pull the brows downward are weakened, and forehead tissue is moved upward and fixed in position.
Related terms: Brow repositioning, glabellar muscle resection, retaining ligament release, bone-tunnel fixation
Operating surgeon: Dr. Jung Su Lee, Medical Director. Performed since 1999.
Assessment criteria: The causes of heavy-feeling eyes are first distinguished: brow descent, excess eyelid skin, ptosis, or compensatory frontalis activity. The principle is to preserve rather than resect the frontalis muscle.
Further information: Endoscopic forehead lift page

2015

Aesthetic correction of the upper face using endoscopic forehead lift and forehead reduction

Jung Su Lee. 73rd Korean Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Scientific Meeting · Presentation

Content: The presentation covered upper-face correction using endoscopic forehead lift, performed since 1999, together with forehead reduction.
Related materials: 4 articles discuss bone-tunnel fixation, overcorrection and a surprised appearance, indications in patients in their 20s and 30s, and the relationship between brow descent and the eyelids.

2021

Forehead Reduction Surgery via an Anterior Hairline Pretrichial Incision in Asians: A Review of 641 Cases

Lee SH, Oh YH, Youn S, Lee JS. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2021;45(4):1551-1560 · PMID 33683382 · Dr. Jung Su Lee, coauthor

Content: This paper reviewed 641 forehead reduction cases in Asian patients using a follicle-preserving hairline incision. Mean central excision measured 16.64 mm. An Invited Discussion (PMID 34231015) was published alongside it.
Significance: Forehead lift and forehead reduction are related procedures involving the same upper-face region. Together with the 2013 forehead reduction paper on minimizing scalp-flap tension and the 2015 conference presentation, this shows continuing research in the forehead region.
Limitations: This paper does not report the results of forehead lift itself. Assessment criteria for forehead lift are shared in articles and conference presentations.

Article: Bone-tunnel fixation · Article: A surprised appearance · Video: Revision forehead lift

Endoscopic reduction malarplasty

Endoscopically assisted malarplasty

Definition: An endoscope is inserted through a small temporal scalp incision to osteotomize the zygomatic arch and rotate it inward. No intraoral incision is made.
Other names: EZ reduction malarplasty (Endoscopic Zygoma reduction), EZ+ (with cortical osteotomy), L-rotation technique
Dr. Jung Su Lee's role: First performed in 1999-12. Three papers, published in 2003, 2013, and 2021, document primary surgery, revision surgery, and expanded indications.
Current practice: Dr. Chang Min Kang, Medical Director and his sole protégé, has taken over the technique. View procedure information

2003

Endoscopically assisted malarplasty: one incision and two dissection planes

Lee JS, Kang S, Kim YW. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2003;111(1):461-7 · PMID 12496619 · Dr. Jung Su Lee, first author

Research question: Can lateral cheekbone prominence be reduced through one short temporal incision without an intraoral incision?
Patients and methods: 32 patients treated from 1999-12 to 2001-8. Selected patients had marked lateral cheekbone (zygomatic arch) prominence, normal anterior cheekbones, and wanted lateral reduction alone with a less invasive operation. Two dissection planes were used from the temporal incision. Toward the zygomatic body, endoscopic dissection was performed between the temporoparietal fascia and the superficial layer of the deep temporal fascia. Toward the zygomatic arch, blunt dissection was performed beneath the deep layer of the deep temporal fascia. The arch was completely osteotomized and the body incompletely osteotomized, then pressed inward.
Results: The authors reported a simple technique, short operating and recovery times, and limited bleeding and swelling.
Significance: This was the first paper to report an approach without anterior cheek dissection and describes the basic structure of the endoscopic reduction malarplasty performed today.
Limitations: This report involved selected patients with normal anterior cheekbones. The method alone is insufficient when anterior cheekbone reduction is also needed; the 2021 paper addressed this limitation.

2005

Cosmetic Surgery of the Asian Face, 2nd edition

McCurdy JA Jr., Lam SM. Thieme, New York. Chapter 12, pp. 201–226; page 213: Method of Jung-Soo Lee

Content: Dr. Jung Su Lee's reduction malarplasty technique was included in a US-published textbook on cosmetic surgery of the Asian face.
Significance: The technique was cited in a textbook written by other authors.

2013

A Revisional Malarplasty: Endoscopic Zygoma Reduction (revision malarplasty using the EZ technique)

Jung Su Lee. Arch Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2013;19(2):95-100 · KCI · Sole author

Research question: Can the same approach be used in patients who have already undergone cheekbone surgery?
Patients and methods: 11 revision malarplasty cases from 2013-1 to 5. Through a temporal incision under endoscopic guidance, the cheekbone prominence and previous osteotomy lines were re-exposed. The zygomatic body was incompletely osteotomized and the arch completely osteotomized, then tapped with a mallet to move inward through a greenstick fracture.
Results: 8 of 11 patients completed the questionnaire. Satisfaction scores were 4 out of 5 for surgical results and 4.3 for anesthesia. Recovery time and postoperative pain were also assessed.
Significance: This paper describes differences between primary and revision surgery and informs revision consultations.
Limitations: This study included a small number of cases.

2021

Endoscopically assisted malarplasty: L-rotation technique

Lee JS, Kim EH, Lee SH. J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2021;122(3):229-234 · PMID 32810601 · DOI 10.1016/j.jormas.2020.07.011 · Dr. Jung Su Lee, first author

Research question: The earlier method reduced only lateral cheekbone prominence, not anterior prominence. Can the zygomatic body also be reduced while retaining an endoscopic approach?
Patients and methods: 261 patients from 2017-1 to 2018-12, mean age 31 years (range 17~63). Through a scalp incision, an incomplete osteotomy extended from the most prominent part of the zygomatic body to the zygomaticomaxillary suture, with a complete osteotomy of the arch. Tapping the bone rotated the L-shaped segment.
Results: Of 261 patients, 242 also underwent cortical osteotomy, and 15 had different amounts of reduction on each side. Floating segments occurred in 4 cases but required no additional surgery. In 1 patient, a segment descended on one side, requiring rigid fixation through an intraoral approach. The authors reported that most patients were satisfied and that there were no notable complications.
Significance: The authors concluded that the amount of reduction could be adjusted through the position of the incomplete osteotomy and the number of cortical osteotomies. This also supports correction of asymmetry by reducing each side differently.
Limitations: 1 case required fixation, and the method is not suitable for every patient. An intraoral approach with plate fixation may be more appropriate when substantial movement and rigid fixation are needed.

Academic record

Publications, books, and conference presentations by Dr. Jung Su Lee, Medical Director.

Publications and books

1997: Purification and characterization of protein farnesyl cysteine carboxyl methyltransferaseMaster's thesis, Korea University College of Medicine
1998: Soft-tissue reconstruction in complicated cases of lower-extremity injuryJournal of the Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons Vol. 25, No. 4
1998: Incidence and prevalence of inverted nipples in Korean womenJournal of the Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons
2003: Endoscopically assisted malarplasty: one incision and two dissection planesLee JS, Kang S, Kim YW. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2003;111(1):461-7 · First author · PMID 12496619 · 32 cases
2004: Anthropometric analysis of attractive and average faces in Korean womenJournal of the Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons Vol. 31, No. 4
2004: Comparative study of telomere length and telomere-binding protein expression in a long-lived populationDoctoral thesis, Korea University College of Medicine
2005: Dr. Jung Su Lee's technique included in Cosmetic Surgery of the Asian Face, 2nd editionMcCurdy JA Jr., Lam SM. Thieme, New York, p 201–226
2013: A Revisional Malarplasty: Endoscopic Zygoma Reduction (revision malarplasty using the EZ technique)Jung Su Lee. Arch Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2013;19(2):95-100 · Sole author · KCI · 11 revision cases
2013: Forehead reduction: minimizing scalp-flap tensionArch Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2013;19(1):34-40
2013: Early experience with augmentation mammoplasty using anatomically shaped implants in Korean womenArch Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2013;19(1):19-24
2021: Endoscopically assisted malarplasty: L-rotation techniqueLee JS, Kim EH, Lee SH. J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2021;122(3):229-234 · First author · PMID 32810601 · 261 cases · Published online 2020
2021: Forehead Reduction Surgery via an Anterior Hairline Pretrichial Incision in Asians: A Review of 641 CasesLee SH, Oh YH, Youn S, Lee JS. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2021;45(4):1551-1560 · Coauthor · PMID 33683382 · Invited Discussion PMID 34231015
2022: Long-Term Outcomes of Secondary Nasal Tip Plasty After Degradation of a Polycaprolactone (PCL) MeshLee SH, Cho J, Lee JS. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2022;46(5):2358-2365 · Coauthor · PMID 35437665 · Invited Discussion PMID 35997802

Domestic and international conference presentations

2001: Reduction malarplasty through a temporal incision alone51st Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons Autumn Scientific Meeting
2004: A review of revision mandibular contouring57th Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons Autumn Scientific Meeting
2006: Balanced mandibular contouring: mandibular angle reduction and genioplasty61st Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons Autumn Scientific Meeting
2010: Endoscopic zygoma reduction through a temporal approach28th Korean Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Scientific Meeting
2010: Osteotomy using a J-shaped saw10th Korea-Japan Congress
2012: Corrective rhinoplasty30th Korean Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery and 10th Korean Association of Plastic Surgeons International Congress
2012: Endoscopic zygoma reduction: one incision and two dissection planes70th Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons and 15th Korean Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association Scientific Meeting
2013: Application of the EZ technique to revision malarplasty31st Korean Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery and 11th Korean Association of Plastic Surgeons International Congress
2014: Endoscopic Zygoma-reduction with Corticotomy technique (EZ+)Maxillofacial Contouring Research Group Symposium
2015: Aesthetic correction of the upper face using endoscopic forehead lift and forehead reduction73rd Korean Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Scientific Meeting
2016: Endoscopic reduction malarplasty: L-rotation technique5th OMICS International Congress
2016: Reduction malarplasty using the L-rotation techniqueHanyang University Plastic Surgery Symposium
2017: Removal of an asymptomatic foreign body granuloma after cutaneous HA injection75th Korean Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Scientific Meeting
2018: Forehead reduction (Reduction Foreheadplasty)17th Korean Association of Plastic Surgeons Spring Continuing Education Course
2020: Endoscopic removal of foreign materials after failure of a non-incisional methodPRS KOREA 2020 International Congress of the Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons

Published materials in detail

View paper covers and conference presentation materials by item.